the hidden fault that caused the february 2011 christchurch earthquakemauritania pronunciation sound

This fault came to within a depth of 1 km but did not show at the surface. Figure 3: Image indicating ground displacement made by combining satellite radar images taken before and after the earthquake. This raised part of the Port Hills and part of southern Christchurch. "The dip of the Port Hills Fault, sloping down towards the southeast, meant it was effectively pointing back directly at Christchurch like a loaded gun. "Think of jumping on a trampoline. Each colour cycle represents 1.5 centimetres of ground displacement, so the total displacement between the western edge of the image and central Christchurch is about 25 centimetres.This article describes our understanding of the Christchurch earthquake fault as at the 8th of April, about 7 weeks after the earthquake. 2). The suburbs of Heathcote and Redcliffs lie above the fault, resulting in heavy damage and extensive rockfalls.A number of techniques were used to determine the fault’s position and movement. The white line is the contour where there was no change in height. New zealand christchurch earthquake 2011 map. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. The earthquake was caused by the two plates being forced together for a long time. We expect that details of the fault location and slip distribution will be updated in the future, as we incorporate more data and use more sophisticated data analysis techniques.For CSK satellite radar data: e-GEOS, an ASI/Telespazio company, especially Andrea Celentano. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. Relative to the fault, the land north of the fault shifted eastward while the land to the south of the fault shifted westward.Figure 2: Diagram showing the amount and direction of slip of the rock between the two sides of the fault. This type of fault motion is called reverse faulting. The contour lines indicate the amount (in mm) the land has risen (blue contours) or subsided (red contours) due to the slip on the fault. However, there may be additional subsidence as a result of ground compaction and liquefaction during the strong shaking.The fault rupture started with a small amount of slip between the two sides of the fault at about 6 km depth. "It was always a matter of if, not when, these would start to arrive in our neck of the woods," she said.Since the first big quake, the regional stress has slowly moved east, triggering the February 22 quake, then the June 13 double whammy and most recently the December 23 aftershocks.Campbell has a theory that Canterbury's current earthquake sequence may have had its genesis in a magnitude-6.7 quake 10km from Arthur's Pass in June 1994.The quake was felt strongly across the region and in Christchurch, and was followed by a 6.1-magnitude shake and seven others of more than magnitude-5.0 within weeks.Aftershocks from that event have, over the years, gradually drifted south from near the Harper River across Lake Coleridge and down the Rakaia River before turning east around the Malvern Hills towards Hororata and coming almost within sight of the western end of the Greendale Fault.Since September 17 months ago, that stress has transferred further east across Canterbury, heading below the Port Hills and offshore near Christchurch.So if the Port Hills Fault is such a small player in the regional scheme of things, why was the February 22 quake so bad?The rupture began just before 12.51pm and 43 seconds about 7km to 10km below the Port Hills and tore upwards towards the city at about 3km a second, with a maximum slip between the two sides of the fault estimated at between 2.4m and 3.6m after 2.5 seconds, beneath the estuary.The rupture energy arrived at the surface after about four seconds.As the waves raced across the city, huge peak ground accelerations were recorded in southern and eastern parts, with vertical accelerations of more than twice that of gravity (2.2g) measured at Heathcote Primary School, the strongest recorded in any New Zealand quake.GNS Science seismologist Bill Fry said it was a rare combination of factors that caused such intense shaking.The fault was unusually strong, which meant when it broke it released more energy, like snapping a piece of plywood in half rather than a sheet of polystyrene.The strength also meant the speed of the underground rupture was faster than for most quakes of the same magnitude.The ground shaking was "punchy" because the waves from the rupture were travelling in the same direction as the rupture itself, making it more energetic, he said. The hidden fault that caused the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. For processing of the radar data: Mahdi Motagh.For GPS data: LINZ, especially Josh Thomas and Dave Collett; GeoNet; Geosystems/Trimble New Zealand; Global Survey; Andersen & Associates, especially Brent George; Christchurch City Council; Otago University. 1).The land has gone up as much as 40 centimetres around the western side of the Avon-Heathcote estuary.

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