how did the greendale fault affect the christchurch earthquakemauritania pronunciation sound

The earthquake occurred at a depth of 10.8 km on a previously unidentified fault, which has since been named the Greendale fault. Read our article on Shaking caused damaging landslides and rockfalls on steep slopes and cliffs, especially in Lyttelton, Sumner and Redcliffs. This type of fault motion is called reverse faulting. The fault, later named the Greendale Fault, appeared about 50 to 56 miles (80 to 90 km) southeast of the boundary between the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates, and part of the fault became visible at the surface because of the earthquake. An earthquake occurred in Christchurch on 14 February 2016 at 1:13 p.m. local time (00:13 UTC) and initially recorded as 5.9 on the Richter scale, but subsequently reviewed as 5.7. This meant the ground could no longer support the foundations of many buildings, causing them to subside. Time-lapse visualisations of the February 22 2011 and September 4 2010 earthquakes and … The suburbs of Heathcote and Redcliffs lie above the fault, resulting in heavy damage and extensive rockfalls.A number of techniques were used to determine the fault’s position and movement. Central, northern and northeastern Christchurch have also gone down, but generally by less than 5 centimetres. Along 24 km of this fault, ground on either side shifted horizontally up to 5 m and vertically up to 1.3 m. Aftershocks were concentrated at the east end of the fault towards Christchurch as rock distorted by the original earthquake adjusted to new stresses.One result of this readjustment was a damaging aftershock (magnitude 6.3) on 22 February 2011, when a fault ruptured very close to Christchurch. Early on 4 September 2010, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred on an unrecorded fault near Darfield, 40 km west of Christchurch and just 10 km below the surface. Fault slip comes to within one kilometre of the ground surface. 5 m horizontally and 1.5 m vertically,. However, the earthquake on 22 February 2011 caused about 30 million tonnes of ice to break off the Tasman Glacier, 200 km to the west. This earthquake produced a visible rent across the landscape that allowed scientists to directly measure the movement of the longest fault segment, the Greendale Fault. The contour lines indicate the amount (in mm) the land has risen (blue contours) or subsided (red contours) due to the slip on the fault. Figure 3: Image indicating ground displacement made by combining satellite radar images taken before and after the earthquake. Following September 4 th, there was significant aftershock activity in the area of the Lyttelton Fault and around many faults in the region but there was no clear indication that a larger earthquake was imminent there. Interference between waves amplified the ground acceleration in some places and reduced it in others.Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is a measure of movement compared to the acceleration of gravity, which is 1 g (9.8 m/sThe severe shaking of the September 2010 and February 2011 earthquakes caused some areas of underground, waterlogged silts to behave like liquid, in a process called liquefaction. Fault movement. Seconds later, the Greendale Fault just to the south ruptured. Underground infrastructure, such as water and sewage pipes, was also destroyed. The rupture of the earth’s surface is clearly visible in this aerial shot of the Greendale Fault, around 7 kilometres west-north-west of Burnham township. The fault rupture (Fig. Liquefaction is when water-saturated sediment temporarily loses it's strength and acts like a liquid.
The greatest movement was upward and toward the northwest under the Avon-Heathcote estuary area. Along 24 km of this fault, ground on either side shifted horizontally up to 5 m and vertically up to 1.3 m. It had a maximum displacement of approx. The direction of movement—up and towards the northwest—focussed the energy of the earthquake towards Christchurch and helps explain the severe damage in the city. This photograph was taken from a helicopter at an altitude of around 200 metres, looking north, about 12 hours after the Darfield earthquake. The coloured image shows an “interference pattern” derived from X-band radar images taken on 19 and 23 February 2011 by the Italian Cosmo-SkyMed satellite. A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck the Canterbury Region of New Zealand at 4:35 am on 4 September 2010. 1).The land has gone up as much as 40 centimetres around the western side of the Avon-Heathcote estuary. 1). This earthquake produced a visible rent across the landscape that allowed scientists to directly measure the movement of the longest fault segment, the Greendale Fault.
Scientists have thus had to rely on measurements using a variety of techniques and instruments to determine its location and the nature of its movement.Based on data from GPS stations, satellite radar images, seismographs and strong-motion recorders, the fault that caused the 22 February earthquake lies within about six kilometres of the city centre, along the southern edge of the city.

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